UK auto insurer, Norwich Union, has obtained an exclusive license to Progressive's European patent application. The primary NAIC models affecting the individual healt insurance market are: The Uniform Individual Accident and Sickness Policy Provision Law (UPPL); The Accident and Sickness Insurance Minimum Standards Model Act; The Advertisements of Accident and Sickness Insurance Model Regulation; and The Unfair Trade Practices Act. All of these models have been implemented in one form or another by most states. Federal laws affecting individual health insurance include: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); The Newborns' and Mothers' Health Protection Act; The Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act; The Fair Credit Reporting Act; and Federal rules governing Medicare supplement policies.[39] Private: Types of medical insurance in the U.S. Traditional indemnity or fee-for-service Commercial insurance companies began offering accident and sickness insurance (disability insurance) as early as the mid-1800s.[40][4] Hospital and medical expense policies were introduced during the first half of the 20th century. Jonathan H